Anyone who has worked with a person who suffers from dementia will have an idea of sundowning. 

While not every person with dementia suffers from this, it is a common occurrence in many. Sundowning is a term used to describe the behaviour changes which can take place in the early evening, normally at dusk.

Why does sundowning happen?

There does not seem to be one correct answer to this question, although reasons range from the person being tired, in pain, or feeling that they are simply in the wrong place and need to move. Sometimes it may appear that they have something important to do but can’t remember what it is.

When does it start?

Sundowning can start at any point in the dementia cycle, although it is more common in middle and later stages. Additionally, sundowning might not only be apparent at dusk as it can happen at any time through the day.

Symptoms of sundowning include:

• Agitation
• Distress
• Delusive behaviours

How can we reduce the symptoms?

This must be done very carefully and entirely depends on the person and their condition. The carer must be patient and remain calm at all times, talking soothingly will also help to calm the situation. 

Handling delusions can be tricky because while the carer will know they are delusive, any delusions are very real to the person experiencing them.

Final thoughts

It is almost impossible to predict how long sundowning can last because it differs with every person.

Keeping to a structured routine may help to end the sundowning episode although it may start again the next evening.  

If sundowning continues well into the night on a regular basis then seeking advice from the doctor will be a good idea. They may suggest a different medication which will help to calm the person so that both they and the carer get their sleep.

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